vllm - 💡(How to fix) Fix [Bug]: Scheduler deadlocks after VLLMValidationError when prompt exceeds max_model_len by 1 token

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Error Message

Note: Distinct from #39734 — KV cache capacity (~500K tokens) far exceeds max_model_len (131072), so this is not a KV cache capacity deadlock. The trigger is the VLLMValidationError exception path leaving the scheduler in a broken state.

Fix Action

Fix / Workaround

============================== CPU Info

Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Address sizes: 52 bits physical, 57 bits virtual Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 96 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-95 Vendor ID: AuthenticAMD Model name: AMD EPYC 9454 48-Core Processor CPU family: 25 Model: 17 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 48 Socket(s): 1 Stepping: 1 Frequency boost: enabled CPU max MHz: 3812.1760 CPU min MHz: 1500.0000 BogoMIPS: 5491.89 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good amd_lbr_v2 nopl nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf rapl pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt tce topoext perfctr_core perfctr_nb bpext perfctr_llc mwaitx cpb cat_l3 cdp_l3 hw_pstate ssbd mba perfmon_v2 ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma clflushopt clwb avx512cd sha_ni avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local user_shstk avx512_bf16 clzero irperf xsaveerptr rdpru wbnoinvd amd_ppin cppc amd_ibpb_ret arat npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold avic v_vmsave_vmload vgif x2avic v_spec_ctrl vnmi avx512vbmi umip pku ospke avx512_vbmi2 gfni vaes vpclmulqdq avx512_vnni avx512_bitalg avx512_vpopcntdq la57 rdpid overflow_recov succor smca fsrm flush_l1d debug_swap ibpb_exit_to_user Virtualization: AMD-V L1d cache: 1.5 MiB (48 instances) L1i cache: 1.5 MiB (48 instances) L2 cache: 48 MiB (48 instances) L3 cache: 256 MiB (8 instances) NUMA node(s): 1 NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-95 Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected Vulnerability Mds: Not affected Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected Vulnerability Mmio stale data: Not affected Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected Vulnerability Retbleed: Not affected Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Mitigation; Safe RET Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB conditional; STIBP always-on; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected Vulnerability Tsa: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected Vulnerability Vmscape: Mitigation; IBPB before exit to userspace

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Your current environment

Collecting environment information...

    System Info

============================== OS : Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS (x86_64) GCC version : (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04.3) 11.4.0 Clang version : Could not collect CMake version : Could not collect Libc version : glibc-2.35

============================== PyTorch Info

PyTorch version : 2.11.0+cu130 Is debug build : False CUDA used to build PyTorch : 13.0 ROCM used to build PyTorch : N/A XPU used to build PyTorch : N/A

============================== Python Environment

Python version : 3.12.13 (main, May 4 2026, 09:06:35) [GCC 11.4.0] (64-bit runtime) Python platform : Linux-6.8.0-111-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.35

============================== CUDA / GPU Info

Is CUDA available : True CUDA runtime version : 13.0.88 CUDA_MODULE_LOADING set to : GPU models and configuration : GPU 0: NVIDIA H100 NVL GPU 1: NVIDIA H100 NVL

Nvidia driver version : 595.71.05 cuDNN version : Could not collect HIP runtime version : N/A MIOpen runtime version : N/A Is XNNPACK available : True

============================== CPU Info

Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Address sizes: 52 bits physical, 57 bits virtual Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 96 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-95 Vendor ID: AuthenticAMD Model name: AMD EPYC 9454 48-Core Processor CPU family: 25 Model: 17 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 48 Socket(s): 1 Stepping: 1 Frequency boost: enabled CPU max MHz: 3812.1760 CPU min MHz: 1500.0000 BogoMIPS: 5491.89 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good amd_lbr_v2 nopl nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf rapl pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt tce topoext perfctr_core perfctr_nb bpext perfctr_llc mwaitx cpb cat_l3 cdp_l3 hw_pstate ssbd mba perfmon_v2 ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma clflushopt clwb avx512cd sha_ni avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local user_shstk avx512_bf16 clzero irperf xsaveerptr rdpru wbnoinvd amd_ppin cppc amd_ibpb_ret arat npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold avic v_vmsave_vmload vgif x2avic v_spec_ctrl vnmi avx512vbmi umip pku ospke avx512_vbmi2 gfni vaes vpclmulqdq avx512_vnni avx512_bitalg avx512_vpopcntdq la57 rdpid overflow_recov succor smca fsrm flush_l1d debug_swap ibpb_exit_to_user Virtualization: AMD-V L1d cache: 1.5 MiB (48 instances) L1i cache: 1.5 MiB (48 instances) L2 cache: 48 MiB (48 instances) L3 cache: 256 MiB (8 instances) NUMA node(s): 1 NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-95 Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected Vulnerability Mds: Not affected Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected Vulnerability Mmio stale data: Not affected Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected Vulnerability Retbleed: Not affected Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Mitigation; Safe RET Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB conditional; STIBP always-on; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected Vulnerability Tsa: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected Vulnerability Vmscape: Mitigation; IBPB before exit to userspace

============================== Versions of relevant libraries

[pip3] flashinfer-python==0.6.8.post1 [pip3] numpy==2.2.6 [pip3] nvidia-cublas==13.1.0.3 [pip3] nvidia-cuda-cupti==13.0.85 [pip3] nvidia-cuda-nvrtc==13.0.88 [pip3] nvidia-cuda-runtime==13.0.96 [pip3] nvidia-cudnn-cu13==9.19.0.56 [pip3] nvidia-cudnn-frontend==1.18.0 [pip3] nvidia-cufft==12.0.0.61 [pip3] nvidia-cufile==1.15.1.6 [pip3] nvidia-curand==10.4.0.35 [pip3] nvidia-cusolver==12.0.4.66 [pip3] nvidia-cusparse==12.6.3.3 [pip3] nvidia-cusparselt-cu13==0.8.0 [pip3] nvidia-cutlass-dsl==4.4.2 [pip3] nvidia-cutlass-dsl-libs-base==4.4.2 [pip3] nvidia-ml-py==13.595.45 [pip3] nvidia-nccl-cu13==2.28.9 [pip3] nvidia-nvjitlink==13.0.88 [pip3] nvidia-nvshmem-cu13==3.4.5 [pip3] nvidia-nvtx==13.0.85 [pip3] pyzmq==27.1.0 [pip3] torch==2.11.0+cu130 [pip3] torch_c_dlpack_ext==0.1.5 [pip3] torchaudio==2.11.0+cu130 [pip3] torchvision==0.26.0+cu130 [pip3] transformers==5.7.0 [pip3] triton==3.6.0 [conda] Could not collect

============================== vLLM Info

ROCM Version : Could not collect vLLM Version : 0.20.1 vLLM Build Flags: CUDA Archs: 7.5 8.0 8.6 8.9 9.0 10.0 12.0+PTX; ROCm: Disabled; XPU: Disabled GPU Topology: GPU0 GPU1 CPU Affinity NUMA Affinity GPU NUMA ID GPU0 X NV12 0-95 0 N/A GPU1 NV12 X 0-95 0 N/A

Legend:

X = Self SYS = Connection traversing PCIe as well as the SMP interconnect between NUMA nodes (e.g., QPI/UPI) NODE = Connection traversing PCIe as well as the interconnect between PCIe Host Bridges within a NUMA node PHB = Connection traversing PCIe as well as a PCIe Host Bridge (typically the CPU) PXB = Connection traversing multiple PCIe bridges (without traversing the PCIe Host Bridge) PIX = Connection traversing at most a single PCIe bridge NV# = Connection traversing a bonded set of # NVLinks

============================== Environment Variables

VLLM_CONFIGURE_LOGGING=0 CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 NVIDIA_REQUIRE_CUDA=cuda>=13.0 brand=unknown,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=grid,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=tesla,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=nvidia,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=quadro,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=quadrortx,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=nvidiartx,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=vapps,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=vpc,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=vcs,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=vws,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=cloudgaming,driver>=535,driver<536 brand=unknown,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=grid,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=tesla,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=nvidia,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=quadro,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=quadrortx,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=nvidiartx,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=vapps,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=vpc,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=vcs,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=vws,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=cloudgaming,driver>=550,driver<551 brand=unknown,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=grid,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=tesla,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=nvidia,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=quadro,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=quadrortx,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=nvidiartx,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=vapps,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=vpc,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=vcs,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=vws,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=cloudgaming,driver>=565,driver<566 brand=unknown,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=grid,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=tesla,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=nvidia,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=quadro,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=quadrortx,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=nvidiartx,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=vapps,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=vpc,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=vcs,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=vws,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=cloudgaming,driver>=570,driver<571 brand=unknown,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=grid,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=tesla,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=nvidia,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=quadro,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=quadrortx,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=nvidiartx,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=vapps,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=vpc,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=vcs,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=vws,driver>=575,driver<576 brand=cloudgaming,driver>=575,driver<576 CUDA_VERSION=13.0.2 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/nvidia/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/lib64:/usr/local/nvidia/lib:/usr/local/nvidia/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/lib64 NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=all NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES=compute,utility VLLM_ENABLE_CUDA_COMPATIBILITY=0 TORCH_CUDA_ARCH_LIST=7.5 8.0 8.6 8.9 9.0 10.0 12.0+PTX VLLM_USAGE_SOURCE=production-docker-image PYTORCH_NVML_BASED_CUDA_CHECK=1 TORCHINDUCTOR_COMPILE_THREADS=1 TORCHINDUCTOR_CACHE_DIR=/tmp/torchinductor_root

🐛 Describe the bug

Description: When a request exceeds max_model_len by even 1 token, vLLM correctly raises VLLMValidationError during tokenization, but fails to clean up the request from the scheduler queue. The scheduler then deadlocks — all subsequent requests return HTTP 200 OK but never complete. KV cache drops to 0 and stays there. Only a container restart recovers it. To reproduce: Send a request with exactly max_model_len + 1 tokens to a running vLLM instance. Expected: Request rejected with 400, scheduler continues processing other requests normally. Actual: Scheduler deadlocks, KV cache drops to 0, all subsequent requests hang indefinitely. Environment:

vLLM: v0.20.1 Model: Qwen/Qwen3.5-122B-A10B-FP8 max_model_len: 131072 Offending request: 131073 tokens GPUs: 2xH100 NVL Docker container deployment using vllm/vllm-openai:v0.20.1

Note: Distinct from #39734 — KV cache capacity (~500K tokens) far exceeds max_model_len (131072), so this is not a KV cache capacity deadlock. The trigger is the VLLMValidationError exception path leaving the scheduler in a broken state.

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vllm - 💡(How to fix) Fix [Bug]: Scheduler deadlocks after VLLMValidationError when prompt exceeds max_model_len by 1 token