vllm - 💡(How to fix) Fix [Bug]: [structured outputs] speculative decoding + `VLLM_ENFORCE_STRICT_TOOL_CALLING=1` failed to advance FSM

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Error Message

When xgrammar's strict tool calling mode (VLLM_ENFORCE_STRICT_TOOL_CALLING=1) is set along with speculative decoding, it often errors out with 500 internal server error for any tool call request. I have used qwen3.5 here, but deepseek v4 w/ mtp on would also suffer the same error.

Error log

Error log looks like the following: (EngineCore pid=729) ERROR 05-29 20:32:45 [backend_xgrammar.py:158] Failed to advance FSM for request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319-850fd3dd for token 248069. Please file an issue. (EngineCore pid=729) ERROR 05-29 20:32:45 [scheduler.py:1429] Unexpected: grammar rejected tokens [198, 248069] for request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319-850fd3dd. Terminating request. (APIServer pid=1) ERROR 05-29 20:32:45 [serving.py:202] Request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319 failed with an internal error during generation (APIServer pid=1) INFO: 127.0.0.1:34204 - "POST /v1/chat/completions HTTP/1.1" 500 Internal Server Error I have checked that the error disappears if either and the error persists for both deepseek v4 and qwen3.5 (the only two model architectures for which xgrammar strict tool calling mode is implemented).

Fix Action

Fix / Workaround

============================== CPU Info

Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Address sizes: 52 bits physical, 57 bits virtual Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 64 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-63 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6430 CPU family: 6 Model: 143 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 32 Socket(s): 2 Stepping: 8 CPU max MHz: 3400.0000 CPU min MHz: 800.0000 BogoMIPS: 4200.00 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq dtes64 ds_cpl smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb cat_l3 cat_l2 cdp_l3 invpcid_single intel_ppin cdp_l2 ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma clflushopt clwb intel_pt avx512cd sha_ni avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local split_lock_detect avx_vnni avx512_bf16 wbnoinvd dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_act_window hwp_epp hwp_pkg_req avx512vbmi umip pku ospke waitpkg avx512_vbmi2 gfni vaes vpclmulqdq avx512_vnni avx512_bitalg tme avx512_vpopcntdq la57 rdpid bus_lock_detect cldemote movdiri movdir64b enqcmd fsrm md_clear serialize tsxldtrk pconfig arch_lbr ibt amx_bf16 avx512_fp16 amx_tile amx_int8 flush_l1d arch_capabilities L1d cache: 3 MiB (64 instances) L1i cache: 2 MiB (64 instances) L2 cache: 128 MiB (64 instances) L3 cache: 120 MiB (2 instances) NUMA node(s): 8 NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-7 NUMA node1 CPU(s): 8-15 NUMA node2 CPU(s): 16-23 NUMA node3 CPU(s): 24-31 NUMA node4 CPU(s): 32-39 NUMA node5 CPU(s): 40-47 NUMA node6 CPU(s): 48-55 NUMA node7 CPU(s): 56-63 Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected Vulnerability Mds: Not affected Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected Vulnerability Mmio stale data: Not affected Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected Vulnerability Retbleed: Not affected Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Not affected Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; Enhanced IBRS; IBPB conditional; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS SW sequence; BHI BHI_DIS_S Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected

Code Example

Collecting environment information...
==============================
        System Info
==============================
OS                           : Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS (x86_64)
GCC version                  : (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04.1) 13.3.0
Clang version                : Could not collect
CMake version                : Could not collect
Libc version                 : glibc-2.39

==============================
       PyTorch Info
==============================
PyTorch version              : 2.11.0+cu130
Is debug build               : False
CUDA used to build PyTorch   : 13.0
ROCM used to build PyTorch   : N/A
XPU used to build PyTorch    : N/A

==============================
      Python Environment
==============================
Python version               : 3.12.3 (main, Mar 23 2026, 19:04:32) [GCC 13.3.0] (64-bit runtime)
Python platform              : Linux-5.14.0-284.118.1.el9_2.x86_64-x86_64-with-glibc2.39

==============================
       CUDA / GPU Info
==============================
Is CUDA available            : True
CUDA runtime version         : 13.0.88
CUDA_MODULE_LOADING set to   :
GPU models and configuration :
GPU 0: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 1: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 2: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 3: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 4: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 5: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 6: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 7: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3

Nvidia driver version        : 580.159.03
cuDNN version                : Could not collect
HIP runtime version          : N/A
MIOpen runtime version       : N/A
Is XNNPACK available         : True

==============================
          CPU Info
==============================
Architecture:                         x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                       32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                        52 bits physical, 57 bits virtual
Byte Order:                           Little Endian
CPU(s):                               64
On-line CPU(s) list:                  0-63
Vendor ID:                            GenuineIntel
Model name:                           Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6430
CPU family:                           6
Model:                                143
Thread(s) per core:                   1
Core(s) per socket:                   32
Socket(s):                            2
Stepping:                             8
CPU max MHz:                          3400.0000
CPU min MHz:                          800.0000
BogoMIPS:                             4200.00
Flags:                                fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq dtes64 ds_cpl smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb cat_l3 cat_l2 cdp_l3 invpcid_single intel_ppin cdp_l2 ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma clflushopt clwb intel_pt avx512cd sha_ni avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local split_lock_detect avx_vnni avx512_bf16 wbnoinvd dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_act_window hwp_epp hwp_pkg_req avx512vbmi umip pku ospke waitpkg avx512_vbmi2 gfni vaes vpclmulqdq avx512_vnni avx512_bitalg tme avx512_vpopcntdq la57 rdpid bus_lock_detect cldemote movdiri movdir64b enqcmd fsrm md_clear serialize tsxldtrk pconfig arch_lbr ibt amx_bf16 avx512_fp16 amx_tile amx_int8 flush_l1d arch_capabilities
L1d cache:                            3 MiB (64 instances)
L1i cache:                            2 MiB (64 instances)
L2 cache:                             128 MiB (64 instances)
L3 cache:                             120 MiB (2 instances)
NUMA node(s):                         8
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                    0-7
NUMA node1 CPU(s):                    8-15
NUMA node2 CPU(s):                    16-23
NUMA node3 CPU(s):                    24-31
NUMA node4 CPU(s):                    32-39
NUMA node5 CPU(s):                    40-47
NUMA node6 CPU(s):                    48-55
NUMA node7 CPU(s):                    56-63
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:   Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:          Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                   Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                    Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:               Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:        Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:               Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:   Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:      Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:             Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:             Mitigation; Enhanced IBRS; IBPB conditional; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS SW sequence; BHI BHI_DIS_S
Vulnerability Srbds:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:        Not affected

==============================
Versions of relevant libraries
==============================
[pip3] flashinfer-python==0.6.11.post2
[pip3] helion==1.0.0
[pip3] mypy_extensions==1.1.0
[pip3] numpy==2.2.6
[pip3] nvidia-cublas==13.1.0.3
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-cccl==13.3.3.3.1
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-crt==13.3.33
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-cupti==13.0.85
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-nvcc==13.3.33
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-nvrtc==13.0.88
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-runtime==13.0.96
[pip3] nvidia-cudnn-cu13==9.19.0.56
[pip3] nvidia-cudnn-frontend==1.18.0
[pip3] nvidia-cufft==12.0.0.61
[pip3] nvidia-cufile==1.15.1.6
[pip3] nvidia-curand==10.4.0.35
[pip3] nvidia-cusolver==12.0.4.66
[pip3] nvidia-cusparse==12.6.3.3
[pip3] nvidia-cusparselt-cu13==0.8.0
[pip3] nvidia-cutlass-dsl==4.5.2
[pip3] nvidia-cutlass-dsl-libs-cu13==4.5.2
[pip3] nvidia-ml-py==13.595.45
[pip3] nvidia-nccl-cu13==2.28.9
[pip3] nvidia-nvjitlink==13.0.88
[pip3] nvidia-nvshmem-cu13==3.4.5
[pip3] nvidia-nvtx==13.0.85
[pip3] nvidia-nvvm==13.3.33
[pip3] onnxruntime==1.26.0
[pip3] pyzmq==27.1.0
[pip3] tokenspeed-triton==3.7.10.post20260505
[pip3] torch==2.11.0+cu130
[pip3] torch_c_dlpack_ext==0.1.5
[pip3] torch-einops-utils==0.1.1
[pip3] torchaudio==2.11.0+cu130
[pip3] torchcodec==0.11.0+cu130
[pip3] torchsde==0.2.6
[pip3] torchvision==0.26.0+cu130
[pip3] transformers==5.9.0
[pip3] triton==3.6.0
[pip3] x-transformers==2.19.7
[conda] Could not collect

==============================
         vLLM Info
==============================
ROCM Version : Could not collect
vLLM Version : 0.21.1rc1.dev433+g0585b5ba2 (git sha: 0585b5ba2)
vLLM Build Flags:
  CUDA Archs: Not Set; ROCm: Disabled; XPU: Disabled
GPU Topology:
        GPU0    GPU1    GPU2    GPU3    GPU4    GPU5    GPU6    GPU7    NIC0    NIC1    NIC2    NIC3    NIC4    CPU Affinity    NUMA Affinity    GPU NUMA ID
GPU0     X      NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-7     0                N/A
GPU1    NV18     X      NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    PXB     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-7     0                N/A
GPU2    NV18    NV18     X      NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    SYS     PXB     NODE    SYS     SYS     16-23   2                N/A
GPU3    NV18    NV18    NV18     X      NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    SYS     PIX     NODE    SYS     SYS     16-23   2                N/A
GPU4    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18     X      NV18    NV18    NV18    SYS     SYS     SYS     PXB     SYS     32-39   4                N/A
GPU5    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18     X      NV18    NV18    SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     SYS     32-39   4                N/A
GPU6    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18     X      NV18    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PXB     48-55   6                N/A
GPU7    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18     X      SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     48-55   6                N/A
NIC0    PIX     PXB     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS      X      SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS
NIC1    SYS     SYS     PXB     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS      X      NODE    SYS     SYS
NIC2    SYS     SYS     NODE    NODE    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     NODE     X      SYS     SYS
NIC3    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PXB     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS      X      SYS
NIC4    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PXB     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS      X

Legend:

  X = Self
  SYS = Connection traversing PCIe as well as the SMP interconnect between NUMA nodes (e.g., QPI/UPI)
  NODE = Connection traversing PCIe as well as the interconnect between PCIe Host Bridges within a NUMA node
  PHB = Connection traversing PCIe as well as a PCIe Host Bridge (typically the CPU)
  PXB = Connection traversing multiple PCIe bridges (without traversing the PCIe Host Bridge)
  PIX = Connection traversing at most a single PCIe bridge
  NV# = Connection traversing a bonded set of # NVLinks

NIC Legend:

  NIC0: mlx5_0
  NIC1: mlx5_1
  NIC2: mlx5_2
  NIC3: mlx5_3
  NIC4: mlx5_4

==============================
     Environment Variables
==============================
NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=/var/run/nvidia-container-devices
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/nvidia/lib:/usr/local/nvidia/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/lib64
VLLM_FLOAT32_MATMUL_PRECISION=high
VLLM_NO_USAGE_STATS=1
VLLM_ENFORCE_STRICT_TOOL_CALLING=1
PYTORCH_NVML_BASED_CUDA_CHECK=1
TORCHINDUCTOR_COMPILE_THREADS=1
TORCHINDUCTOR_CACHE_DIR=/tmp/torchinductor_root
VLLM_WORKER_MULTIPROC_METHOD=spawn

---

export VLLM_ENFORCE_STRICT_TOOL_CALLING=1
vllm serve Qwen/Qwen3.5-397B-A17B-FP8 \
  --tensor-parallel-size 8 \
  --enable-expert-parallel \
  --speculative-config.method mtp \
  --speculative-config.num_speculative_tokens 1 \
  --reasoning-parser qwen3 \
  --enable-auto-tool-choice \
  --tool-call-parser qwen3_coder \
  --enable-log-requests

---

client = OpenAI(max_retries=0)
tool_list = [
    {
        "type": "function",
        "function": {
            "name": "get_weather",
            "description": "현재 날씨 정보를 가져옵니다",
            "parameters": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "location": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "한국어로 된 도시 이름, 예: '서울', '부산', '뉴욕'",
                    },
                    "unit": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "enum": ["celsius", "fahrenheit"],
                        "description": "온도 단위",
                    },
                },
                "required": ["location"],
            },
        },
    },
    {
        "type": "function",
        "function": {
            "name": "getCurrentTime",
            "description": "특정 지역의 현재 시간을 가져옵니다",
            "parameters": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "location": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "도시 또는 국가 이름",
                    },
                },
                "required": ["location"],
            },
        },
    },
]
messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "서울의 날씨가 어때?"}]

response = client.chat.completions.create(model="Qwen/Qwen3.5-397B-A17B-FP8", messages=messages, tools=tool_list, tool_choice="auto")

---

(APIServer pid=1) INFO 05-29 20:32:44 [logger.py:54] Received request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319: params: SamplingParams(n=1, presence_penalty=0.0, frequence_penalty=0.0, repetition_penalty=1.0, temperature=0.6, top_p=0.95, top_k=20, min_p=0.0, seed=None, stop=[], stop_token_ids=[], bad_words=[], thinking_token_budget=None, include_stop_str_in_output=False, ignore_eos=False, max_tokens=261710, min_tokens=0, logprobs=None, prompt_logprobs=None, skip_special_tokens=True, spaces_between_special_tokens=True, structured_outputs=StructuredOutputsParams(json=None, regex=None, choice=None, grammar=None, json_object=None, disable_any_whitespace=False, disable_additional_properties=False, whitespace_pattern=None, structural_tag='{"type": "structural_tag", "format": {"type": "triggered_tags", "triggers": ["<tool_call>\\n>function="], "tags": [{"type": "tag", "begin": "<tool_call>\\n<function=get_weather>\\n", "content": {"type": "json_schema", "json_schema": {"type": "object", "properties": {"location": "type": "string", "description": "\\ud55c\\uad6d\\uc5b4\\ub85c \\ub41c \\ub3c4\\uc2dc \\uc774\\ub984, \\uc608: \'\\uc11c\\uc6b8\', \'\\ubd80\\uc0b0\', \'\\ub274\uc695\'"}, "unit": {"type": "string", "enum": ["celsius", "fahrenheit"], "description": \"\\uc628\\ub3c4 \\ub2e8\\uc704"}}, "required": ["location"]}, "style": "qwen_xml"}, "end": "\\n</function>\\n</tool_call>"}, {"type": "tag", "begin": "<tool_call>\\n<function=getCurrentTime>\\n", "content": {"type": "json_schema", "json_schema": {"type": "object", "properties": {"location": {"type": "string", "description": "\\ub3c4\\uc2dc \\ub610\\ub294 \\uad6d\\uac00 \\uc774\\ub984"}}, "required": ["location"]}, "style": "qwen_xml"}, "end": "\\n</function>\\n</tool_call>"}], "at_least_one": false, "stop_after_first": false, "excludes": ["<think>", "</think>"]}}', _backend=None, _backend_was_auto=False), extra_args=None), lora_request=None.
(APIServer pid=1) INFO 05-29 20:32:44 [async_llm.py:415] Added request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319-850fd3dd.
(EngineCore pid=729) ERROR 05-29 20:32:45 [backend_xgrammar.py:158] Failed to advance FSM for request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319-850fd3dd for token 248069. Please file an issue.
(EngineCore pid=729) ERROR 05-29 20:32:45 [scheduler.py:1429] Unexpected: grammar rejected tokens [198, 248069] for request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319-850fd3dd. Terminating request.
(APIServer pid=1) ERROR 05-29 20:32:45 [serving.py:202] Request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319 failed with an internal error during generation
(APIServer pid=1) INFO:     127.0.0.1:34204 - "POST /v1/chat/completions HTTP/1.1" 500 Internal Server Error
RAW_BUFFERClick to expand / collapse

Your current environment

<details> <summary>The output of <code>python collect_env.py</code></summary>
Collecting environment information...
==============================
        System Info
==============================
OS                           : Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS (x86_64)
GCC version                  : (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04.1) 13.3.0
Clang version                : Could not collect
CMake version                : Could not collect
Libc version                 : glibc-2.39

==============================
       PyTorch Info
==============================
PyTorch version              : 2.11.0+cu130
Is debug build               : False
CUDA used to build PyTorch   : 13.0
ROCM used to build PyTorch   : N/A
XPU used to build PyTorch    : N/A

==============================
      Python Environment
==============================
Python version               : 3.12.3 (main, Mar 23 2026, 19:04:32) [GCC 13.3.0] (64-bit runtime)
Python platform              : Linux-5.14.0-284.118.1.el9_2.x86_64-x86_64-with-glibc2.39

==============================
       CUDA / GPU Info
==============================
Is CUDA available            : True
CUDA runtime version         : 13.0.88
CUDA_MODULE_LOADING set to   :
GPU models and configuration :
GPU 0: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 1: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 2: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 3: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 4: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 5: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 6: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
GPU 7: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3

Nvidia driver version        : 580.159.03
cuDNN version                : Could not collect
HIP runtime version          : N/A
MIOpen runtime version       : N/A
Is XNNPACK available         : True

==============================
          CPU Info
==============================
Architecture:                         x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                       32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                        52 bits physical, 57 bits virtual
Byte Order:                           Little Endian
CPU(s):                               64
On-line CPU(s) list:                  0-63
Vendor ID:                            GenuineIntel
Model name:                           Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6430
CPU family:                           6
Model:                                143
Thread(s) per core:                   1
Core(s) per socket:                   32
Socket(s):                            2
Stepping:                             8
CPU max MHz:                          3400.0000
CPU min MHz:                          800.0000
BogoMIPS:                             4200.00
Flags:                                fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq dtes64 ds_cpl smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb cat_l3 cat_l2 cdp_l3 invpcid_single intel_ppin cdp_l2 ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma clflushopt clwb intel_pt avx512cd sha_ni avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local split_lock_detect avx_vnni avx512_bf16 wbnoinvd dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_act_window hwp_epp hwp_pkg_req avx512vbmi umip pku ospke waitpkg avx512_vbmi2 gfni vaes vpclmulqdq avx512_vnni avx512_bitalg tme avx512_vpopcntdq la57 rdpid bus_lock_detect cldemote movdiri movdir64b enqcmd fsrm md_clear serialize tsxldtrk pconfig arch_lbr ibt amx_bf16 avx512_fp16 amx_tile amx_int8 flush_l1d arch_capabilities
L1d cache:                            3 MiB (64 instances)
L1i cache:                            2 MiB (64 instances)
L2 cache:                             128 MiB (64 instances)
L3 cache:                             120 MiB (2 instances)
NUMA node(s):                         8
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                    0-7
NUMA node1 CPU(s):                    8-15
NUMA node2 CPU(s):                    16-23
NUMA node3 CPU(s):                    24-31
NUMA node4 CPU(s):                    32-39
NUMA node5 CPU(s):                    40-47
NUMA node6 CPU(s):                    48-55
NUMA node7 CPU(s):                    56-63
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:   Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:          Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                   Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                    Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:               Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:        Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:               Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:   Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:      Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:             Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:             Mitigation; Enhanced IBRS; IBPB conditional; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS SW sequence; BHI BHI_DIS_S
Vulnerability Srbds:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:        Not affected

==============================
Versions of relevant libraries
==============================
[pip3] flashinfer-python==0.6.11.post2
[pip3] helion==1.0.0
[pip3] mypy_extensions==1.1.0
[pip3] numpy==2.2.6
[pip3] nvidia-cublas==13.1.0.3
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-cccl==13.3.3.3.1
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-crt==13.3.33
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-cupti==13.0.85
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-nvcc==13.3.33
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-nvrtc==13.0.88
[pip3] nvidia-cuda-runtime==13.0.96
[pip3] nvidia-cudnn-cu13==9.19.0.56
[pip3] nvidia-cudnn-frontend==1.18.0
[pip3] nvidia-cufft==12.0.0.61
[pip3] nvidia-cufile==1.15.1.6
[pip3] nvidia-curand==10.4.0.35
[pip3] nvidia-cusolver==12.0.4.66
[pip3] nvidia-cusparse==12.6.3.3
[pip3] nvidia-cusparselt-cu13==0.8.0
[pip3] nvidia-cutlass-dsl==4.5.2
[pip3] nvidia-cutlass-dsl-libs-cu13==4.5.2
[pip3] nvidia-ml-py==13.595.45
[pip3] nvidia-nccl-cu13==2.28.9
[pip3] nvidia-nvjitlink==13.0.88
[pip3] nvidia-nvshmem-cu13==3.4.5
[pip3] nvidia-nvtx==13.0.85
[pip3] nvidia-nvvm==13.3.33
[pip3] onnxruntime==1.26.0
[pip3] pyzmq==27.1.0
[pip3] tokenspeed-triton==3.7.10.post20260505
[pip3] torch==2.11.0+cu130
[pip3] torch_c_dlpack_ext==0.1.5
[pip3] torch-einops-utils==0.1.1
[pip3] torchaudio==2.11.0+cu130
[pip3] torchcodec==0.11.0+cu130
[pip3] torchsde==0.2.6
[pip3] torchvision==0.26.0+cu130
[pip3] transformers==5.9.0
[pip3] triton==3.6.0
[pip3] x-transformers==2.19.7
[conda] Could not collect

==============================
         vLLM Info
==============================
ROCM Version : Could not collect
vLLM Version : 0.21.1rc1.dev433+g0585b5ba2 (git sha: 0585b5ba2)
vLLM Build Flags:
  CUDA Archs: Not Set; ROCm: Disabled; XPU: Disabled
GPU Topology:
        GPU0    GPU1    GPU2    GPU3    GPU4    GPU5    GPU6    GPU7    NIC0    NIC1    NIC2    NIC3    NIC4    CPU Affinity    NUMA Affinity    GPU NUMA ID
GPU0     X      NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-7     0                N/A
GPU1    NV18     X      NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    PXB     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-7     0                N/A
GPU2    NV18    NV18     X      NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    SYS     PXB     NODE    SYS     SYS     16-23   2                N/A
GPU3    NV18    NV18    NV18     X      NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    SYS     PIX     NODE    SYS     SYS     16-23   2                N/A
GPU4    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18     X      NV18    NV18    NV18    SYS     SYS     SYS     PXB     SYS     32-39   4                N/A
GPU5    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18     X      NV18    NV18    SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     SYS     32-39   4                N/A
GPU6    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18     X      NV18    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PXB     48-55   6                N/A
GPU7    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18    NV18     X      SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     48-55   6                N/A
NIC0    PIX     PXB     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS      X      SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS
NIC1    SYS     SYS     PXB     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS      X      NODE    SYS     SYS
NIC2    SYS     SYS     NODE    NODE    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     NODE     X      SYS     SYS
NIC3    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PXB     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS      X      SYS
NIC4    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PXB     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS      X

Legend:

  X = Self
  SYS = Connection traversing PCIe as well as the SMP interconnect between NUMA nodes (e.g., QPI/UPI)
  NODE = Connection traversing PCIe as well as the interconnect between PCIe Host Bridges within a NUMA node
  PHB = Connection traversing PCIe as well as a PCIe Host Bridge (typically the CPU)
  PXB = Connection traversing multiple PCIe bridges (without traversing the PCIe Host Bridge)
  PIX = Connection traversing at most a single PCIe bridge
  NV# = Connection traversing a bonded set of # NVLinks

NIC Legend:

  NIC0: mlx5_0
  NIC1: mlx5_1
  NIC2: mlx5_2
  NIC3: mlx5_3
  NIC4: mlx5_4

==============================
     Environment Variables
==============================
NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=/var/run/nvidia-container-devices
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/nvidia/lib:/usr/local/nvidia/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/lib64
VLLM_FLOAT32_MATMUL_PRECISION=high
VLLM_NO_USAGE_STATS=1
VLLM_ENFORCE_STRICT_TOOL_CALLING=1
PYTORCH_NVML_BASED_CUDA_CHECK=1
TORCHINDUCTOR_COMPILE_THREADS=1
TORCHINDUCTOR_CACHE_DIR=/tmp/torchinductor_root
VLLM_WORKER_MULTIPROC_METHOD=spawn
</details>

🐛 Describe the bug

When xgrammar's strict tool calling mode (VLLM_ENFORCE_STRICT_TOOL_CALLING=1) is set along with speculative decoding, it often errors out with 500 internal server error for any tool call request.

Reproducer

I have used qwen3.5 here, but deepseek v4 w/ mtp on would also suffer the same error.

export VLLM_ENFORCE_STRICT_TOOL_CALLING=1
vllm serve Qwen/Qwen3.5-397B-A17B-FP8 \
  --tensor-parallel-size 8 \
  --enable-expert-parallel \
  --speculative-config.method mtp \
  --speculative-config.num_speculative_tokens 1 \
  --reasoning-parser qwen3 \
  --enable-auto-tool-choice \
  --tool-call-parser qwen3_coder \
  --enable-log-requests

Then we just need to send any tool calling payload - for Qwen3.5 xgrammar state advance failure raises for ~40% of time, if it does not raise at once try several times.

client = OpenAI(max_retries=0)
tool_list = [
    {
        "type": "function",
        "function": {
            "name": "get_weather",
            "description": "현재 날씨 정보를 가져옵니다",
            "parameters": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "location": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "한국어로 된 도시 이름, 예: '서울', '부산', '뉴욕'",
                    },
                    "unit": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "enum": ["celsius", "fahrenheit"],
                        "description": "온도 단위",
                    },
                },
                "required": ["location"],
            },
        },
    },
    {
        "type": "function",
        "function": {
            "name": "getCurrentTime",
            "description": "특정 지역의 현재 시간을 가져옵니다",
            "parameters": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "location": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "도시 또는 국가 이름",
                    },
                },
                "required": ["location"],
            },
        },
    },
]
messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "서울의 날씨가 어때?"}]

response = client.chat.completions.create(model="Qwen/Qwen3.5-397B-A17B-FP8", messages=messages, tools=tool_list, tool_choice="auto")

Error log

Error log looks like the following:

(APIServer pid=1) INFO 05-29 20:32:44 [logger.py:54] Received request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319: params: SamplingParams(n=1, presence_penalty=0.0, frequence_penalty=0.0, repetition_penalty=1.0, temperature=0.6, top_p=0.95, top_k=20, min_p=0.0, seed=None, stop=[], stop_token_ids=[], bad_words=[], thinking_token_budget=None, include_stop_str_in_output=False, ignore_eos=False, max_tokens=261710, min_tokens=0, logprobs=None, prompt_logprobs=None, skip_special_tokens=True, spaces_between_special_tokens=True, structured_outputs=StructuredOutputsParams(json=None, regex=None, choice=None, grammar=None, json_object=None, disable_any_whitespace=False, disable_additional_properties=False, whitespace_pattern=None, structural_tag='{"type": "structural_tag", "format": {"type": "triggered_tags", "triggers": ["<tool_call>\\n>function="], "tags": [{"type": "tag", "begin": "<tool_call>\\n<function=get_weather>\\n", "content": {"type": "json_schema", "json_schema": {"type": "object", "properties": {"location": "type": "string", "description": "\\ud55c\\uad6d\\uc5b4\\ub85c \\ub41c \\ub3c4\\uc2dc \\uc774\\ub984, \\uc608: \'\\uc11c\\uc6b8\', \'\\ubd80\\uc0b0\', \'\\ub274\uc695\'"}, "unit": {"type": "string", "enum": ["celsius", "fahrenheit"], "description": \"\\uc628\\ub3c4 \\ub2e8\\uc704"}}, "required": ["location"]}, "style": "qwen_xml"}, "end": "\\n</function>\\n</tool_call>"}, {"type": "tag", "begin": "<tool_call>\\n<function=getCurrentTime>\\n", "content": {"type": "json_schema", "json_schema": {"type": "object", "properties": {"location": {"type": "string", "description": "\\ub3c4\\uc2dc \\ub610\\ub294 \\uad6d\\uac00 \\uc774\\ub984"}}, "required": ["location"]}, "style": "qwen_xml"}, "end": "\\n</function>\\n</tool_call>"}], "at_least_one": false, "stop_after_first": false, "excludes": ["<think>", "</think>"]}}', _backend=None, _backend_was_auto=False), extra_args=None), lora_request=None.
(APIServer pid=1) INFO 05-29 20:32:44 [async_llm.py:415] Added request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319-850fd3dd.
(EngineCore pid=729) ERROR 05-29 20:32:45 [backend_xgrammar.py:158] Failed to advance FSM for request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319-850fd3dd for token 248069. Please file an issue.
(EngineCore pid=729) ERROR 05-29 20:32:45 [scheduler.py:1429] Unexpected: grammar rejected tokens [198, 248069] for request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319-850fd3dd. Terminating request.
(APIServer pid=1) ERROR 05-29 20:32:45 [serving.py:202] Request chatcmpl-a508d2912d7a0319 failed with an internal error during generation
(APIServer pid=1) INFO:     127.0.0.1:34204 - "POST /v1/chat/completions HTTP/1.1" 500 Internal Server Error

xgrammar fails at thinking end token </think>(token id 248069).

Further Analysis

I have checked that the error disappears if either

  • turn off MTP
  • turn off strict tool calling mode

and the error persists for both deepseek v4 and qwen3.5 (the only two model architectures for which xgrammar strict tool calling mode is implemented).

This seems like a regression, I cannot reproduce the same FSM advancement failure for bf610c2f5.

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vllm - 💡(How to fix) Fix [Bug]: [structured outputs] speculative decoding + `VLLM_ENFORCE_STRICT_TOOL_CALLING=1` failed to advance FSM