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nextjs - 💡(How to fix) Fix Build fails after upgrade to Next 16 [3 comments, 3 participants]

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vercel/next.js#85371•Fetched 2026-04-08 02:16:08
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Author
s-ileriss-ileris
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anasmohammed361anasmohammed361github-actions[bot]github-actions[bot]s-ileriss-ileris
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Error Message

The build exits with the following error(s) after upgrading to NextJS 16 and implementing "use cache"

Build error occurred Error: Turbopack build failed with 3 errors: An unexpected error happened while trying to read the source code to parse: failed to convert rope into string

Root Cause

Caused by:

  • invalid utf-8 sequence of 1 bytes from index 0

Code Example

Operating System:
  Platform: darwin
  Arch: arm64
  Version: Darwin Kernel Version 25.1.0: Sun Oct  5 21:11:56 PDT 2025; root:xnu-12377.40.120~10/RELEASE_ARM64_T8122
  Available memory (MB): 16384
  Available CPU cores: 8
Binaries:
  Node: 22.12.0
  npm: 10.9.0
  Yarn: N/A
  pnpm: 10.10.0
Relevant Packages:
  next: 16.0.0 // Latest available version is detected (16.0.0).
  eslint-config-next: 15.4.4
  react: 19.1.0
  react-dom: 19.1.0
  typescript: 5.7.3
Next.js Config:
  output: N/A
RAW_BUFFERClick to expand / collapse

Link to the code that reproduces this issue

https://github.com/s-ileris/quantum

To Reproduce

  1. Run pnpm build

Current vs. Expected behavior

The build exits with the following error(s) after upgrading to NextJS 16 and implementing "use cache" `stratos@Mac quantum % pnpm build

[email protected] build /Users/stratos/Documents/quantum cross-env NODE_OPTIONS="--no-deprecation --max-old-space-size=8000" next build

▲ Next.js 16.0.0 (Turbopack, Cache Components)

  • Environments: .env

Creating an optimized production build ...

Build error occurred Error: Turbopack build failed with 3 errors: ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/libsql/index.js non-ecmascript placeable asset asset is not placeable in ESM chunks, so it doesn't have a module id

Import traces: App Route: ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/libsql/index.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]/node_modules/@libsql/client/lib-esm/sqlite3.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]/node_modules/@libsql/client/lib-esm/node.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/connect.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/index.js ./src/payload.config.ts ./src/app/(payload)/api/[...slug]/route.ts

Server Component: ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/libsql/index.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]/node_modules/@libsql/client/lib-esm/sqlite3.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]/node_modules/@libsql/client/lib-esm/node.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/connect.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/index.js ./src/payload.config.ts ./src/app/(frontend)/news/page.tsx

./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]/node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/README.md Unknown module type This module doesn't have an associated type. Use a known file extension, or register a loader for it.

Read more: https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/next-config-js/turbo#webpack-loaders

Import trace: App Route: ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]/node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/README.md ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/esbuild/lib/main.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/esbuild-[email protected]_esbuild@0.25.10/node_modules/esbuild-register/dist/node.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/drizzle-kit/api.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/requireDrizzleKit.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/index.js ./src/payload.config.ts ./src/app/(payload)/api/graphql-playground/route.ts

./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]/node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/bin/esbuild Reading source code for parsing failed An unexpected error happened while trying to read the source code to parse: failed to convert rope into string

Caused by:

  • invalid utf-8 sequence of 1 bytes from index 0

Import traces: #1 [App Route]: ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]/node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/bin/esbuild ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/esbuild/lib/main.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/esbuild-[email protected]_esbuild@0.25.10/node_modules/esbuild-register/dist/node.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/drizzle-kit/api.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/requireDrizzleKit.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/index.js ./src/payload.config.ts ./src/app/(payload)/api/graphql-playground/route.ts

#2 [App Route]: ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]/node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/bin/esbuild ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/esbuild/lib/main.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/esbuild-[email protected]_esbuild@0.25.10/node_modules/esbuild-register/dist/node.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/drizzle-kit/api.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/requireDrizzleKit.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/index.js ./src/payload.config.ts ./src/app/(payload)/api/[...slug]/route.ts

#3 [Server Component]: ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]/node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/bin/esbuild ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/esbuild/lib/main.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/esbuild-[email protected]_esbuild@0.25.10/node_modules/esbuild-register/dist/node.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/drizzle-kit/api.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/requireDrizzleKit.js ./node_modules/.pnpm/@[email protected]_payload@[email protected]_typescript@5.7.3_/node_modules/@payloadcms/db-sqlite/dist/index.js ./src/payload.config.ts ./src/app/(frontend)/news/page.tsx

at ignore-listed frames

 ELIFECYCLE  Command failed with exit code 1.`

Provide environment information

Operating System:
  Platform: darwin
  Arch: arm64
  Version: Darwin Kernel Version 25.1.0: Sun Oct  5 21:11:56 PDT 2025; root:xnu-12377.40.120~10/RELEASE_ARM64_T8122
  Available memory (MB): 16384
  Available CPU cores: 8
Binaries:
  Node: 22.12.0
  npm: 10.9.0
  Yarn: N/A
  pnpm: 10.10.0
Relevant Packages:
  next: 16.0.0 // Latest available version is detected (16.0.0).
  eslint-config-next: 15.4.4
  react: 19.1.0
  react-dom: 19.1.0
  typescript: 5.7.3
Next.js Config:
  output: N/A

Which area(s) are affected? (Select all that apply)

Use Cache, Turbopack

Which stage(s) are affected? (Select all that apply)

next build (local)

Additional context

No response

extent analysis

TL;DR

The build error with NextJS 16 and Turbopack can be resolved by addressing the non-ECMAScript placeable assets and unknown module types.

Guidance

  1. Check asset types: Ensure that all assets are in a compatible format for ECMAScript modules, as Turbopack has strict requirements for module types.
  2. Register loaders: For unknown module types, such as the README.md file, register a loader in the next.config.js file to handle these files, as suggested in the Next.js documentation.
  3. Verify dependencies: Review the import traces to identify any dependencies that may be causing issues with Turbopack, and consider updating or replacing them if necessary.
  4. Consult Next.js documentation: Refer to the official Next.js documentation for guidance on configuring Turbopack and resolving common errors.

Example

No specific code example is provided, as the issue requires a more general configuration and dependency review.

Notes

The provided information suggests that the issue is related to the transition to NextJS 16 and the use of Turbopack, which has different requirements for asset types and module handling. Resolving the issue will likely require a combination of configuration changes and potential updates to dependencies.

Recommendation

Apply a workaround by registering loaders for unknown module types and ensuring asset compatibility, as a more permanent solution may require updates to dependencies or further configuration changes.

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