openclaw - 💡(How to fix) Fix Feature: Support multiple API keys per provider as rate limit backup [1 comments, 2 participants]

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openclaw/openclaw#44477Fetched 2026-04-08 00:46:24
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Currently, OpenClaw uses a single API key per provider (e.g., Claude, OpenAI). When that key hits rate limits, the system fails. This is especially problematic for:

  • High-volume deployments running multiple agents
  • Long-running operations that exhaust rate limits
  • Production systems requiring high availability

Error Message

  • Manual key rotation (error-prone)

Root Cause

Currently, OpenClaw uses a single API key per provider (e.g., Claude, OpenAI). When that key hits rate limits, the system fails. This is especially problematic for:

  • High-volume deployments running multiple agents
  • Long-running operations that exhaust rate limits
  • Production systems requiring high availability

Code Example

{
     "openai": ["key1", "key2", "key3"]
   }
RAW_BUFFERClick to expand / collapse

Description

Currently, OpenClaw uses a single API key per provider (e.g., Claude, OpenAI). When that key hits rate limits, the system fails. This is especially problematic for:

  • High-volume deployments running multiple agents
  • Long-running operations that exhaust rate limits
  • Production systems requiring high availability

Proposed Solution

Allow configuring multiple API keys per provider in the credentials system. When one key hits a rate limit, automatically fail over to the next available key.

Implementation Ideas:

  1. Credential file format - Support arrays in credential files:

    {
      "openai": ["key1", "key2", "key3"]
    }
  2. Priority/Fallback ordering - First key is primary, others are fallbacks

  3. Rate limit detection - Detect 429 responses and automatically rotate

  4. Key rotation strategy - Round-robin or sequential fail-over

Use Cases

  • Claude API rate limits (especially with high-token usage)
  • OpenAI API for multiple concurrent agents
  • Any provider with strict rate limits

Alternatives Considered

  • External proxy services (adds complexity/cost)
  • Manual key rotation (error-prone)

This would improve reliability for production deployments without requiring external infrastructure.

extent analysis

Fix Plan

To implement the proposed solution, follow these steps:

  • Update the credential file format to support arrays of API keys:
    {
      "openai": ["key1", "key2", "key3"]
    }
  • Modify the API client to rotate through the keys when a rate limit is detected (e.g., 429 response):
    import requests
    
    class APIClient:
      def __init__(self, keys):
        self.keys = keys
        self.current_key_index = 0
    
      def make_request(self, url, data):
        headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.keys[self.current_key_index]}"}
        response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=data)
        if response.status_code == 429:
          self.rotate_key()
          return self.make_request(url, data)
        return response
    
      def rotate_key(self):
        self.current_key_index = (self.current_key_index + 1) % len(self.keys)
  • Implement a round-robin or sequential fail-over key rotation strategy:
    class APIClient:
      # ...
    
      def rotate_key(self):
        # Round-robin rotation
        self.current_key_index = (self.current_key_index + 1) % len(self.keys)
        # Sequential fail-over rotation
        # self.current_key_index += 1
        # if self.current_key_index >= len(self.keys):
        #   self.current_key_index = 0

Verification

To verify that the fix worked:

  • Test the API client with multiple API keys and simulate rate limit responses (e.g., 429 status code)
  • Verify that the client rotates through the keys correctly and makes successful requests after rotation

Extra Tips

  • Consider implementing a backoff strategy to avoid overwhelming the API with requests after a rate limit is detected
  • Monitor API key usage and adjust the rotation strategy as needed to ensure optimal performance and reliability.

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openclaw - 💡(How to fix) Fix Feature: Support multiple API keys per provider as rate limit backup [1 comments, 2 participants]